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Table 3. Clinical parameters necessary for calculating residual and patients with cardiovascular diseases. It can contribute to
lifetime risk using the SMART REACH model 8, 37-39 clinical decision-making regarding appropriate therapeutic
Gender strategies to reduce risk. Clinical parameters shown in Table
Age 3 are required for online calculation. It supports addressing
clinical dilemmas regarding therapy intensity and may be si-
Geographical region (Western Europe, Netherlands, North America, other)
gnificant in better implementing secondary prevention me-
Time since cardiovascular event (number of years)
asures. It effectively defines an individual ten-year life risk
Type of cardiovascular event
(coronary, peripheral, or cerebrovascular arterial disease) and its reduction. The model requires further optimization
Diabetes mellitus (yes/no) and reliability testing in patients with peripheral arterial di-
39
Heart failure (yes/no) sease .
Atrial fibrillation (yes/no)
Value of systolic blood pressure
Creatinine
Lipid profile: Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol
Statin (yes, no, which, and in what dose)
Ezetimib (yes/no)
PSCK9 (yes/no)
Antiplatelet/monotherapy: acetylsalicylic acid or equivalent/acetylsalicylic acid alone,
or acetylsalicylic acid + low-dose DOAC
Legend: DOAC - Direct Oral Anti Coagulant.

Conclusion

Our understanding of a comprehensive approach to patients with clinically proven coronary artery

disease according to their clinical characteristics is constantly evolving. Simultaneously, modern
therapeutic models and tools are being developed to help in their application. Undoubtedly, defining
residual risk will contribute to a better understanding of personal preferences in achieving desired
and clearly defined therapeutic goals and adequate secondary prevention to prolong life and
improve the quality of life for these patients.

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46 DOI: 10.5937/Galmed2409049B